Sensitive Teeth: Causes, Home Fixes and When to See a Dentist

Not dental advice. This is general information and doesn't replace an exam. For pain, swelling, bleeding gums, a loose tooth or any change in your mouth, see a dentist.

A sharp zing from cold water, ice cream or a hot drink is one of the most common dental complaints. It happens when the layer protecting the nerve is worn or exposed. Sometimes it’s minor. Sometimes it’s a sign of a problem that needs a dentist.

Common causes

• Worn enamel from hard brushing, acidic foods and drinks, or grinding your teeth.
• Receding gums, which expose the softer root surface.
• Cavities or a cracked or leaking filling.
• A cracked tooth.
• Recent whitening, which can cause temporary sensitivity.
• Gum disease.

What to try at home

1. Switch to a desensitizing toothpaste and use it twice a day. Give it two to four weeks. For extra effect, some people dab a little on the sensitive spot at night, but follow the label.
2. Use a soft toothbrush and gentle pressure at a 45° angle. See how to brush properly.
3. Cut back on acid: sodas, citrus, sports drinks and wine soften enamel. Rinse with water afterward.
4. Don’t brush right after acidic foods. Wait before brushing.
5. Wear a night guard if you grind your teeth. A dentist can make one for you.

When to see a dentist

Home care is reasonable for mild, occasional sensitivity. But see a dentist if:

• the pain is sharp, severe or lingers after the hot or cold is gone,
• it affects one tooth in particular,
• it wakes you up at night,
• you see swelling, a bump on the gum, or have a fever,
• it doesn’t improve after a few weeks of home care,
• a tooth is cracked or chipped.

These can be signs of a cavity, a cracked tooth or an infection, and the sooner they’re treated the simpler and cheaper the fix.

Dentist options

Depending on the cause, a dentist may apply fluoride varnish or a sealant, bond the exposed area, treat a cavity, or recommend a night guard. Some cases need a root canal or a gum treatment.

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